Created en plein air, from memory and from photographic reference, these studies examine the Susquehanna River Valley, its flora and fauna, geologic features, weather patterns and cloud formations in all times of day and seasons. Utilizing a broad spectrum of media these works range from painterly studies and tiny miniatures to larger fully realized pastel drawings and paintings. More traditional in approach, and utilizing, on occasion, Hudson River School techniques and devices, these works provide a vocabulary of natural and atmospheric details which inform and are often later incorporated into more complex narrative works in the studio.